Dementia is not a specific disease but is rather a general term for the impaired ability to remember, think, or make decisions that interferes with doing everyday activities. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. Though dementia mostly affects older adults, it is not a part of normal aging. Signs that may point to dementia include getting lost in a familiar neighborhood, using unusual words to refer to familiar objects, forgetting the name of a close family member or friend, forgetting old memories, and not being able to complete tasks independently.

Stroke

A stroke occurs when something blocks blood supply to part of the brain or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts. In either case, parts of the brain become damaged or die. A stroke can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death. A stroke can cause not only a speech/language impairment but also cognitive deficits may also be present.

Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion

A traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is an injury that affects how the brain works. It may be caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head, or from a penetrating injury (such as from a gunshot) to the head. People most commonly get TBIs from a fall, firearm-related injury, motor vehicle crash, or an assault.